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Учим Английский

Electronic Navigation Systems
Судовые навигационные системы

Third Edition

Год выпуска: 2001
Язык: Англ
Автор: L.Tetley and D.Calcutt
Формат: PDF
Количество страниц: 436
Размер архива: 15 мб


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Electronic Navigation Systems has been written to support the training requirements of STCW-95 and consequently the book is an invaluable reference source for maritime navigation students. As with previous editions, each chapter opens with system principles and then continues with their application to modern equipment. Some sections, typically gyrocompass and automatic steering, still contain valid descriptions of analogue equipment but these have been further strengthened with the introduction of new digital technology. Wherever possible we have described the systems and equipment that you, the reader, are likely to meet on board your craft whether it is large or small. The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is a subject which no mariner can ignore and consequently it has been outlined in this book. For extensive details about the principles and applications of this global communications system, see our book Understanding GMDSS. Radar and Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA) are obviously essential to safe navigation and indeed are now integrated with other navigation systems. They are discussed in depth in the companion volume to this publication, Electronic Aids to Navigation (RADAR and ARPA).

Contents Chapter 1 Radio wave propagation and the frequency spectrum 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Maritime navigation systems and their frequencies 1
1.3 Radio wave radiation 2
1.4 Frequency, wavelength and velocity 4
1.5 Radio frequency spectrum 5
1.6 Radio frequency bands 6
1.7 Radio wave propagation 8
1.8 Signal fading 13
1.9 Basic antenna theory 14
1.10 Glossary 19
1.11 Summary 20
1.12 Revision questions 21

Chapter 2 Depth sounding systems 22
2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 The characteristics of sound in seawater 22
2.3 Transducers 27
2.4 Depth sounding principles 31
2.5 A generic echo sounding system 35
2.6 A digitized echo sounding system 38
2.7 A microcomputer echo sounding system 38
2.8 Glossary 41
2.9 Summary 43
2.10 Revision questions 44

Chapter 3 Speed measurement 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Speed measurement using water pressure 45
3.3 Speed measurement using electromagnetic induction 52
3.4 Speed measurement using acoustic correlation techniques 57
3.5 The Doppler principle 60
3.6 Principles of speed measurement using the Doppler effect 63
3.7 Doppler speed logging systems 72
3.8 Glossary 85
3.9 Summary 85
3.10 Revision questions 86

Chapter 4 Loran-C 88
4.1 Introduction 88
4.2 System principles 89
4.3 Basics of the Loran-C System 93
4.4 Loran-C charts 102
4.5 Position fixing using the Loran-C System 107
4.6 Loran-C coverage 112
4.7 Loran-C receivers 115
4.8 Glossary 137
4.9 Summary 139
4.10 Revision questions 140

Chapter 5 Satellite navigation 143
5.1 Introduction 143
5.2 Basic satellite theory 143
5.3 The Global Positioning System (GPS) 147
5.4 The position fix 154
5.5 Dilution of Precision (DOP) 157
5.6 Satellite pass predictions 157
5.7 System errors 158
5.8 Differential GPS (DGPS) 162
5.9 GPS antenna systems 165
5.10 GPS receiver designation 166
5.11 Generic GPS receiver architecture 168
5.12 GPS user equipment 171
5.13 GPS on the web 182
5.14 Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) 183
5.15 Project Galileo 185
5.16 Glossary 185
5.17 Summary 186
5.18 Revision questions 187

Chapter 6 Integrated bridge systems 189
6.1 Introduction 189
6.2 Design criteria 190
6.3 Standards 193
6.4 Nautical safety 194
6.5 Class notations 195
6.6 Bridge working environment 196
6.7 Ship manoeuvring information 198
6.8 Qualifications and operational procedures 198
6.9 Bridge equipment tests 201
6.10 Examples of integrated bridge systems 201
6.11 Glossary 220
6.12 Summary 222
6.13 Revision questions 223

Chapter 7 Electronic charts 224
7.1 Introduction 224
7.2 Electronic chart types 227
7.3 Electronic chart systems 234
7.4 Chart accuracy 239
7.5 Updating electronic charts 242
7.6 Automatic Identification System (AIS) 243
7.7 'Navmaster' Electronic Navigation System 249
7.8 Glossary 259
7.9 Summary 262
7.10 Revision questions 263

Chapter 8 The ship's master compass 264
8.1 Introduction 264
8.2 Gyroscopic principles 264
8.3 The controlled gyroscope 271
8.4 The north-seeking gyro 271
8.5 A practical gyrocompass 275
8.6 Follow-up systems 281
8.7 Compass errors 281
8.8 Top-heavy control master compass 287
8.9 A digital controlled top-heavy gyrocompass system 292
8.10 A bottom-heavy control gyrocompass 299
8.11 Starting a gyrocompass 306
8.12 Compass repeaters 307
8.13 The magnetic repeating compass 310
8.14 Glossary 317
8.15 Summary 318
8.16 Revision questions 319

Chapter 9 Automatic steering 320
9.1 Introduction 320
9.2 Automatic steering principles 320
9.3 A basic autopilot system 324
9.4 Manual operator controls 326
9.5 Deadband 327
9.6 Phantom rudder 329
9.7 An adaptive autopilot 330
9.8 An adaptive digital steering control system 333
9.9 Glossary 344
9.10 Summary 344
9.11 Revision questions 345

Chapter 10 Radio direction finding 346
10.1 Introduction 346
10.2 Radio waves 346
10.3 Receiving antennae 347
10.4 A fixed loop antenna system 349
10.5 Errors 355
10.6 RDF receiving equipment 358
10.7 Glossary 367
10.8 Summary 368
10.9 Revision questions 368

Chapter 11 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 369
11.1 Introduction 369
11.2 The system 369
11.3 The NAVTEX system 380
11.4 Glossary 388
11.5 Summary 388
11.6 Revision questions 389

Appendices 391

A1 Computer functions 393

A2 Glossary of microprocessor and digital terms 401

A3 Serial communication 407

A4 United States Coast Guard Navigation Center (NAVCEN) 416
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